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Young people are the group most affected by the crisis in terms of employment and income and, furthermore, the recovery benefits them to a lesser extent. More unemployment, a worsening of the quality of work, worse working conditions and insufficient wages are problems they encounter.
The effects of the crisis have not been homogeneous either territorially or generationally. This is one of the conclusions that emerge from the Ivie Employment Opportunity and Income 2007-2016 study. The impact Email Data of the crisis. The study, sponsored by the Areces Foundation , has been prepared by the professor at the University of Alicante and ReiJaume I Prize winner in Economics, Carmen Herrero ; Antonio Villar , professor at the Pablo de Olavide University, and Ángel Soler from the University of Valencia.
The monograph studies the evolution of employment and income since the year before the crisis, with an intermediate milestone in 2013 and with the latest available data, from 2016. In addition to a territorial segmentation by autonomous communities, another has been carried out by sections of age and income level. The results reveal a very uneven evolution in income and employment.
The most striking conclusions reflect a considerable reduction in the middle classes, which, in general terms, decreases by 19% and poverty has increased by 22%. The loss of jobs has been the most important aspect of the economic crisis, which in 2013 affected almost a quarter of the active population. Although employment maintains a positive trajectory, its quality is much worse than before the crisis: increased temporary employment and lower salaries.
The deterioration of working conditions is especially worrying in the age group between 16 and 30 years old, where a fixed employment rate has gone from 50% to 30% in 2016. The evolution of long-term unemployment is also especially worrying. duration, the rate of which has multiplied by 8.
The evolution of the employment crisis in the case of the Valencian Community presents an atypical case. If at the beginning of the crisis the job destruction was more serious than in other autonomies, the recovery has occurred more quickly and in 2016 they had already cut 22 points of the 35 they lost.
employment and incomeRegarding income, the study contemplates four sections: high, upper-middle, medium, lower-middle and low. While the upper middle class has been reduced by 19%, the percentage of the population included in the poorest group has grown by 22%. Generally speaking, rental opportunities have fallen by 15%.
The results in the Valencian Community, however, reflect better behavior in this aspect. If in 2007 the difference with the national average was 10.3 points below, the 2016 data reduces that distance to 4.2 points. Furthermore, there is the unusual case that it is the only autonomy that shows a growth of one point between 2007 and 2016, going from 9.6 to 10.6% in the upper-middle income segment. At the other extreme, the percentage of poor goes from 30.8 to 36.2%, which represents a percentage growth of 17.4%
employment and incomeAmong the autonomies that are closest to 2007 income levels are Cantabria, Extremadura, the Basque Country and La Rioja. On the contrary, the communities that are furthest from pre-crisis income levels are Catalonia (almost 29 points below), the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands.
All age groups show a shift towards lower incomes, but this trend is especially pronounced in the group up to 30 years old. If in 2007 the percentage of people under 30 years of age with lower incomes was 21.3%, in 2016 it had risen to 45.7%. In the 30-50 age group the poverty rate goes from 26% in 2007 to 36.5% in 2016 and in the case of those over 50 years of age, the percentage remains almost unchanged.
The upper middle income segment presents the worst evolution, which for the youngest people goes from 16.5% to 4.85%. In the case of those over 50 years of age, after a drop of more than 2 points in 2013, it has currently almost recovered the pre-crisis level with 12%.
Problems that demand solutions
The report identifies problems that require decision-making such as the design of policies that combat long-term employment; job stability measures for young people; housing access policies for young people; scholarships, assistance to seniors; a more equitable educational system focused on improving skills and recovering investment levels in research and development so that the productive system can face changes in the economic environment.
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发表于 2023-12-13 15:27:09
